GOLFO DI SALERNO

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IRNTHI - 6TH/3RD CENTURY BC

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The rest of ancient Oscan-Etruscan settlement of Irnthi (Fratte) are still located and visible on the northern periphery of Salerno, on a low, flat hill.  The area is part of a much larger settlement, situated in a dominant position at the confluence of the river Irno with the Pastorano and Grancano torrents. The position of the site has always had, within the Irno valley, a strategic value in controlling the natural transport routes, from the nearby Irno river and from the proximity to the sea and the Sorrento peninsula, and an important role in favoring connections among Greeks, Etruscans, and indigenous peoples inhabiting the Gulf of Poseidonia, to the south, and the areas of Sarno, Cumae and Volturno, to the north. The foundation of Fratte is to be understood as the result of a shift of aristocratic members linked to Tarquinia and Vulci in order to move the Etruscan commercial center of gravity to Campania further north, to counter Poseidonia.  Since its creation, the clea...
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PLAIUM MONTIS

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The upper part of the historic center of Salerno, called also called "Noba Civitas" from Longobards, is a well protected area and difficult to reach from the hinterland, at the foot of the Bonadies hills, slightly sloping towards the sea, between the Fusandola streams, to the west, and the San Eremita to the east. The area possessed a number of natural characteristics that made it an ideal place: it was isolated, without great pre-existing structures, rich in water, an indispensable feature for self-sufficiency. The "Plaium Montis" district, with the northern wall of the ancient city at the base and the tower around which the castle will grow at the top, was the prominent part of the triangular shape assumed by the medieval city. Urbanized more by monasteries than by houses, it had inside, with the favor of the many springs in the area of La Palma, in Coriariis in general, in San Martino in particular, the city center of the tanning industry. In the Middle Ages, the...
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CASTRUM SALERNI - 200 BC

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 To indicate the city as a fortified place, Latin uses three words with similar meanings: "castrum", "castellum", and "oppidum". The term "castrum", with the addition of the term to the name of the place, indicated the camp fortified by the legionaries: these were mostly built in wood, and it is for this reason that today we do not find any trace of them. The entry "oppidum" instead has its original meaning in every space surrounded by walls, and consequently the meaning of a fortified place but also of a city is taken up. The original nucleus of the Roman colony of Salernum was a castrum, a military camp. The Roman castrums were not designed to withstand long sieges, as we are used to seeing in films about medieval castles with catapults, towers, fiery arrows, etc., but they had to prevent enemies militarily "primitive" and militarily backward, armed with a sword, shield and ladder, penetrated inside the military camp. A seri...
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